How Many Animals Die From Animal Testing Every Day

Each twelvemonth, more than 100 one thousand thousand animals—including mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds—are killed in U.S. laboratories for biological science lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, nutrient, and cosmetics testing. Earlier their deaths, some are forced to inhale toxic fumes, others are immobilized in restraint devices for hours, some accept holes drilled into their skulls, and others accept their pare burned off or their spinal cords crushed. In addition to the torment of the actual experiments, animals in laboratories are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them—they are confined to barren cages, socially isolated, and psychologically traumatized. The thinking, feeling animals who are used in experiments are treated similar zilch more disposable laboratory equipment.

Beast Experiments Are Wasteful and Unreliable

A Pew Research Heart poll establish that 52 percent of U.S. adults oppose the use of animals in scientific inquiry, and other surveys advise that the shrinking group that does have creature experimentation does so just because information technology believes it to be necessary for medical progress.^5,six The majority of animal experiments do not contribute to improving human wellness, and the value of the role that creature experimentation plays in near medical advances is questionable.

In an commodity published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers found that medical treatments developed in animals rarely translated to humans and warned that "patients and physicians should remain cautious almost extrapolating the finding of prominent animal enquiry to the care of human disease … poor replication of even loftier-quality animal studies should exist expected by those who bear clinical inquiry."⁷

Diseases that are artificially induced in animals in a laboratory, whether they be mice or monkeys, are never identical to those that occur naturally in man beings. And because animal species differ from 1 some other biologically in many meaning ways, information technology becomes even more than unlikely that animal experiments will yield results that will exist correctly interpreted and applied to the human being status in a meaningful manner.

For example, according to former National Cancer Institute Director Dr. Richard Klausner, "We take cured mice of cancer for decades, and it simply didn't work in humans."⁸ This conclusion was echoed by erstwhile National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Dr. Elias Zerhouni, who acknowledged that experimenting on animals has been a boondoggle. "We have moved away from studying homo disease in humans," he said. "Nosotros all drank the Kool-Aid on that one, me included. … The problem is that information technology hasn't worked, and it's time nosotros stopped dancing around the problem. … Nosotros need to refocus and suit new methodologies for utilize in humans to understand disease biology in humans."⁹

The data is sobering: Although at least 85 HIV/AIDS vaccines accept been successful in nonhuman primate studies, as of 2015, every one has failed to protect humans.¹⁰ In one case, an AIDS vaccine that was shown to be effective in monkeys failed in man clinical trials considering it did non forestall people from developing AIDS, and some believe that it made them more susceptible to the disease. According to a report in the British newspaper The Contained, one determination from the failed written report was that "testing HIV vaccines on monkeys before they are used on humans, does not in fact work."¹¹

These are not anomalies. The National Institutes of Health has stated, "Therapeutic development is a plush, complex and time-consuming process. The average length of time from target discovery to approval of a new drug is nigh 14 years. The failure rate during this process exceeds 95 percent, and the price per successful drug can exist $1 billion or more."¹²

Inquiry published in the journal Register of Internal Medicine revealed that universities commonly exaggerate findings from animal experiments conducted in their laboratories and "often promote research that has uncertain relevance to homo health and exercise not provide cardinal facts or acknowledge important limitations."¹³ One study of media coverage of scientific meetings concluded that news stories ofttimes omit crucial information and that "the public may be misled near the validity and relevance of the science presented."¹⁴ Considering experimenters rarely publish results of failed animal studies, other scientists and the public do not take ready access to data on the ineffectiveness of brute experimentation.

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Funding and Accountability

Through their taxes, charitable donations, and purchases of lottery tickets and consumer products, members of the public are ultimately the ones who—knowingly or unknowingly—fund animal experimentation. I of the largest sources of funding comes from publicly funded regime granting agencies such every bit NIH. Approximately 47 percent of NIH-funded inquiry involves experimentation on animals, and in 2020, NIH approaching nearly $42 billion for research and evolution.^15,sixteen In addition, many charities––including the March of Dimes, the American Cancer Society, and countless others—employ donations to fund experiments on animals. One-third of the projects funded by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society involve animate being experimentation.¹⁷

Despite the vast amount of public funds being used to underwrite fauna experimentation, information technology is about impossible for the public to obtain electric current and consummate data regarding the beast experiments that are being carried out in their communities or funded with their tax dollars. Country open-records laws and the U.S. Freedom of Information Act tin can exist used to obtain documents and information from state institutions, regime agencies, and other federally funded facilities, but private companies, contract labs, and animal breeders are exempt. In many cases, institutions that are subject field to open-records laws fight vigorously to withhold information about animal experimentation from the public.^xviii

Oversight and Regulation

Despite the endless animals killed each year in laboratories worldwide, well-nigh countries accept grossly inadequate regulatory measures in place to protect animals from suffering and distress or to preclude them from existence used when a non-animal approach is readily bachelor. In the U.S., the species most commonly used in experiments (mice, rats, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians) incorporate 99% of all animals in laboratories merely are specifically exempted from even the minimal protections of the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA).^19,20 Many laboratories that use simply these species are not required past law to provide animals with pain relief or veterinarian care, to search for and consider alternatives to brute use, to have an institutional committee review proposed experiments, or to be inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or any other entity. Some estimates indicate that as many every bit 800 U.Southward. laboratories are not subject area to federal laws and inspections considering they experiment exclusively on mice, rats, and other animals whose apply is largely unregulated.²¹

Equally for the more than 11,000 facilities that the USDA does regulate (of which more than one,200 are designated for "enquiry"), only 120 USDA inspectors are employed to oversee their operations.²² Reports accept repeatedly concluded that even the minimal standards set forth by the AWA are not existence met by these facilities, and institutionally based oversight bodies, called Institutional Beast Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), have failed to carry out their mandate. A 1995 report by the USDA's Role of the Inspector Full general (OIG) "plant that the activities of the IACUCs did not e'er run into the standards of the AWA. Some IACUCs did not ensure that unnecessary or repetitive experiments would non be performed on laboratory animals."²³ In 2000, a USDA survey of the agency's laboratory inspectors revealed serious problems in numerous areas, including "the search for alternatives [and] review of painful procedures."²⁴ A September 2005 audit report issued past the OIG institute ongoing "issues with the search for alternative research, veterinarian care, review of painful procedures, and the researchers' use of animals."²⁵ In December 2014, an OIG study documented continuing problems with laboratories declining to comply with the minimal AWA standards and the USDA's weak enforcement actions declining to deter future violations. The inspect highlighted that from 2009 to 2011, USDA inspectors cited 531 experimentation facilities for 1,379 violations stemming from the IACUCs' failure to adequately review and monitor the use of animals. The audit also determined that in 2012, the USDA reduced its penalties to AWA violators past an average of 86 percent, even in cases involving animal deaths and egregious violations.²⁶

Enquiry co-authored by PETA documented that, on average, beast experimenters and laboratory veterinarians comprise a combined 82 percent of the membership of IACUCs at leading U.S. institutions. A whopping 98.half dozen percent of the leadership of these IACUCs was likewise made upwards of brute experimenters. The authors observed that the dominant office played past animate being experimenters on these committees "may dilute input from the few IACUC members representing animal welfare and the general public, contribute to previously-documented committee bias in favor of approving animal experiments and reduce the overall objectivity and effectiveness of the oversight organisation."²⁷ Even when facilities are fully compliant with the constabulary, animals who are covered can be burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, forcibly restrained, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. No procedures or experiments, regardless of how footling or painful they may be, are prohibited by federal law. When valid non-brute enquiry methods are bachelor, no federal law requires experimenters to use such methods instead of animals.

Alternatives to Animal Testing

A loftier-contour written report published in the prestigious BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) documenting the ineffectiveness and waste product of experimentation on animals concluded that "if research conducted on animals continues to exist unable to reasonably predict what can be expected in humans, the public's continuing endorsement and funding of preclinical brute research seems misplaced."²⁸

Research with human volunteers, sophisticated computational methods, and in vitro studies based on human cells and tissues are disquisitional to the advocacy of medicine. Cutting-edge non-animal inquiry methods are available and have been shown time and over again to exist more accurate than rough fauna experiments.²⁹ Notwithstanding, this modernistic inquiry requires a different outlook, one that is creative and compassionate and embraces the underlying philosophy of ethical science. Human health and well-existence can also be promoted past adopting irenic methods of scientific investigation and concentrating on the prevention of disease before it occurs, through lifestyle modification and the prevention of further ecology pollution and degradation. The public is condign more aware and more vocal about the cruelty and inadequacy of the current research system and is demanding that tax dollars and charitable donations not be used to fund experiments on animals.

History of Animal Testing

PETA created "Without Consent"—an interactive timeline featuring almost 200 stories of animal experiments from the past century—to open people's eyes to the long history of suffering that'south been inflicted on nonconsenting animals in laboratories and to claiming people to rethink this exploitation. Visit "Without Consent" to learn more about harrowing animate being experiments throughout history and how you tin assist create a better time to come for living, feeling beings.

Without Consent

You Can Help Stop Beast Testing

Virtually all federally funded inquiry is paid for with your revenue enhancement dollars. Your lawmakers needs to know that you lot don't want your money used to pay for animal experiments.

Urge your members of Congress to endorse PETA's Research Modernization Bargain, which provides a roadmap for modernizing U.S. investment in research by ending funding for useless experiments on animals and investing in constructive research that's relevant to humans.

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Creature Testing Facts and Figures

Us (2019)^i,2

• Most 1 one thousand thousand animals are held captive in laboratories or used in experiments (excluding rats, mice, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and agricultural animals used in agricultural experiments), plus an estimated 100 meg mice and rats

Canada (2020)^three

• 5.07 million animals used in experiments
• 94,543 animals subjected to "severe pain almost, at, or above the pain tolerance threshold of unanesthetized conscious animals"

United Kingdom(2021)⁴

• 3.06 million procedures on animals
• Of the 1.9 million experiments completed, 149,917 were assessed as "severe," including "long-term disease processes where assistance with normal activities such every bit feeding and drinking are required or where meaning deficits in behaviours/activities persist."

References

^oneBeast and Found Wellness Inspection Service, U.Due south. Department of Agriculture, "Annual Written report Beast Usage by Fiscal Yr: Total Number of Animals Research Facilities Used in Regulated Activities (Column B)" and "Annual Report Brute Usage by Fiscal Year: Total Number of Animals Research Facilities used in Regulated Activities (Column F)," 27 April. 2021.
^twoMadhusree Mukerjee, "Speaking for the Animals: A Veterinarian Analyzes the Turf Battles That Have Transformed the Animal Laboratory," Scientific American, Aug. 2004.
³Canadian Council on Animal Care,"CCAC 2020 Fauna Data Study," 2021
^four U.K. Regime, "Annual Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Dandy U.k. 2021," Home Office, xxx June 2022.
^fiveCary Funk and Meg Hefferon, "Most Americans Accept Genetic Applied science of Animals That Benefits Human Health, only Many Oppose Other Uses," Pew Enquiry Middle, xvi Aug. 2018
⁶Peter Aldhous and Andy Coghlan, "Permit the People Speak," New Scientist 22 May 1999.
^viiDaniel G. Hackam, M.D., and Donald A. Redelmeier, M.D., "Translation of Research Bear witness From Animals to Human being," The Periodical of the American Medical Association 296 (2006): 1731-2.
^eightMarlene Simmons et al., "Cancer-Cure Story Raises New Questions," Los Angeles Times half-dozen May 1998.
^nineRich McManus, "Ex-Manager Zerhouni Surveys Value of NIH Research," NIH Tape 21 June 2013.
¹⁰Jarrod Bailey, "An Assessment of the Part of Chimpanzees in AIDS Vaccine Enquiry," Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36 (2008): 381-428.
^elevenSteve Connor and Chris Green, "Is Information technology Fourth dimension to Give up the Search for an AIDS Vaccine?" The Independent 24 Apr. 2008.
¹²National Institutes of Health, "About New Therapeutic Uses," National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences 9 October. 2019.
¹³Steve Woloshin, M.D., M.South., et al., "Press Releases past Academic Medical Centers: Not And then Academic?" Annals of Internal Medicine 150 (2009): 613-eight.
¹⁴Steven Woloshin and Lisa Schwartz, "Media Reporting on Enquiry Presented at Scientific Meetings: More Caution Needed," The Medical Journal of Australia 184 (2006): 576-80.
¹⁵Diana Eastward. Pankevich et afifty., "International Animal Research Regulations: Impact on Neuroscience Research," The National Academies (2012).
¹⁶National Institutes of Health, "Budget," (last accessed on 3 May 2021).
¹⁷Pankevich et al.
¹⁸Deborah Ziff, "On Campus: PETA Sues UW Over Access to Research Records," Wisconsin Land Journal 5 Apr. 2010.
¹⁹U.Southward. Department of Agriculture, Beast and Plant Health Inspection Service, "Animal Welfare, Definition of Animal," Federal Register, 69 (2004): 31513-4.
²⁰Justin Goodman et al., "Trends in Animal Use at US Research Facilities," Journal of Medical Ideals 0(2015): 1-3.
²¹The Associated Press, "Animal Welfare Act May Non Protect All Critters," seven May 2002.
²²U.Southward. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, "Animal Intendance: Search."
²³U.S. Department of Agriculture, Role of Inspector General, "APHIS Animal Care Program, Inspection and Enforcement Activities," audit report, 30 Sept. 2005.
²⁴U.S. Section of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Wellness Inspection Service, "USDA Employee Survey on the Effectiveness of IACUC Regulations," April. 2000.
²⁵U.S. Section of Agriculture, Office of Inspector General, "APHIS Fauna Intendance Program, Inspection and Enforcement Activities," inspect report, thirty Sept. 2005.
²⁶U.S. Department of Agriculture, Function of Inspector General, "Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Oversight of Enquiry Facilities," audit report, Dec. 2014.
²⁷Lawrence A. Hansen et al., "Assay of Fauna Research Ethics Committee Membership at American Institutions," Animals 2 (2012): 68-75.
²⁸Pandora Pound and Michael Bracken, "Is Animal Research Sufficiently Prove Based To Be A Cornerstone of Biomedical Inquiry?," BMJ (2014): 348.
²⁹Junhee Seok et al., "Genomic Responses in Mouse Models Poorly Mimic Human Inflammatory Diseases," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (2013): 3507-12.

Source: https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/animals-used-experimentation-factsheets/animal-experiments-overview/

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